 Serum and Biliary Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Determining the Cause of Obstructive
Cholestasis
Domenico Alvaro, MD; Gianpiero Macarri, MD; Maria Grazia Mancino, MD, PhD; Marco Marzioni, MD; MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, MD;
Paolo Onori, MD; Stefano Ginanni Corradini, MD, PhD; Pietro Invernizzi, MD, PhD; Antonio Franchitto, PhD; Adolfo F. Attili,
MD; Eugenio Gaudio, MD; and Antonio Benedetti, MD
2 October 2007 | Volume 147 Issue 7 | Pages 451-459 | Return to Article
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What is PIER?
PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) is an electronic resource from the American College of Physicians that provides
evidence-based clinical guidance in a format designed for rapid access at the point of care.
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Experts in evidence-based medicine develop PIER content. All clinical recommendations in PIER include strength-of-recommendation
ratings based on the quality of underlying evidence. PIER content is continually updated.
PIER's module design allows users to drill down from more general to specific information, with immediate access to underlying
supporting evidence. PIER modules address prevention, screening, diagnosis, drug and non-drug therapy, and follow-up. They
also link to:
- A comprehensive drug resource
- PubMed abstracts and the full text of selected references
- Other ACP and non-ACP knowledge resources
- Tables, figures, algorithms, and video and audio clips.
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