 Insulin-like Growth Factors, Their Binding Proteins, and Prostate Cancer Risk: Analysis of Individual Patient Data from 12
Prospective Studies
Andrew W. Roddam, DPhil; Naomi E. Allen, DPhil; Paul Appleby, MSc; Timothy J. Key, DPhil; Luigi Ferrucci, MD; H Ballentine
Carter, MD; E Jeffrey Metter, MD; Chu Chen, PhD; Noel S. Weiss, MD; Annette Fitzpatrick, PhD; Ann W. Hsing, PhD; James V.
Lacey, Jr , PhD; Kathy Helzlsouer, MD; Sabina Rinaldi, PhD; Elio Riboli, MD; Rudolf Kaaks, PhD; Joop A.M.J.L. Janssen, MD;
Mark F. Wildhagen, PhD; Fritz H. Schröder, MD; Elizabeth A. Platz, ScD; Michael Pollak, MD; Edward Giovannucci, MD; Catherine
Schaefer, PhD; Charles P. Quesenberry, Jr. , PhD; Joseph H. Vogelman, DEE; Gianluca Severi, PhD; Dallas R. English, PhD; Graham
G. Giles, PhD; Pär Stattin, MD; Göran Hallmans, MD; Mattias Johansson, PhD; June M. Chan, ScD; Peter Gann, MD; Steven E. Oliver,
PhD; Jeff M. Holly, PhD; Jenny Donovan, PhD; François Meyer, MD; Isabelle Bairati, MD; and Pilar Galan, MD 7 October 2008 | Volume 149 Issue 7 | Pages 461-471 | Return to Article
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What is PIER?
PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) is an electronic resource from the American College of Physicians that provides
evidence-based clinical guidance in a format designed for rapid access at the point of care.
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Experts in evidence-based medicine develop PIER content. All clinical recommendations in PIER include strength-of-recommendation
ratings based on the quality of underlying evidence. PIER content is continually updated.
PIER's module design allows users to drill down from more general to specific information, with immediate access to underlying
supporting evidence. PIER modules address prevention, screening, diagnosis, drug and non-drug therapy, and follow-up. They
also link to:
- A comprehensive drug resource
- PubMed abstracts and the full text of selected references
- Other ACP and non-ACP knowledge resources
- Tables, figures, algorithms, and video and audio clips.
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