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Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23:2147-56. (PMID: 17669231) | | 114. | | Pertel PE, Eisenstein BI, Link AS, Donfrid B, Biermann EJ, Bernardo P, et al. The efficacy and safety of daptomycin vs. vancomycin for the treatment of cellulitis and erysipelas. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63:368-75. (PMID: 19222623) | | 115. | | Laohavaleeson S, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP. Telavancin: a novel lipoglycopeptide for serious gram-positive infections. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007;16:347-57. (PMID: 17302529) | | 116. | | Stryjewski ME, Graham DR, Wilson SE, O'Riordan W, Young D, Lentnek A, et al. Telavancin versus vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by gram-positive organisms. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:1683-93. (PMID: 18444791) | | 117. | | Noel GJ, Strauss RS, Amsler K, Heep M, Pypstra R, Solomkin JS. Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:37-44. (PMID: 17954698) | | 118. | | Talbot GH, Thye D, Das A, Ge Y. Phase 2 study of ceftaroline versus standard therapy in treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3612-6. (PMID: 17682094) | | 119. | | Noel GJ, Bush K, Bagchi P, Ianus J, Strauss RS. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with vancomycin plus ceftazidime for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:647-55. (PMID: 18225981) | | 120. | | Bogdanovich T, Ednie LM, Shapiro S, Appelbaum PC. Antistaphylococcal activity of ceftobiprole, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:4210-9. (PMID: 16189100) | | 121. | | Gentry LO, Ramirez-Ronda CH, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Thadepalli H, del Rosal PL, Ramirez C. Oral ciprofloxacin vs parenteral cefotaxime in the treatment of difficult skin and skin structure infections. A multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:2579-83. (PMID: 2684078) | | 122. | | Stevens DL. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis. Annu Rev Med. 2000;51:271-88. (PMID: 10774464) | | 123. | | Freischlag JA, Ajalat G, Busuttil RW. Treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections. The need for a new approach. Am J Surg. 1985;149:751-5. (PMID: 4014552) | | 124. | | Stevens DL, Gibbons AE, Bergstrom R, Winn V. The Eagle effect revisited: efficacy of clindamycin, erythromycin, and penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal myositis. J Infect Dis. 1988;158:23-8. (PMID: 3292661) | | 125. | | Zimbelman J, Palmer A, Todd J. Improved outcome of clindamycin compared with beta-lactam antibiotic treatment for invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1096-100. (PMID: 10608632) | | 126. | | Mulla ZD, Leaverton PE, Wiersma ST. Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Florida. South Med J. 2003;96:968-73. (PMID: 14570340) | | 127. | | Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Hackett SP. Antibiotic effects on bacterial viability, toxin production, and host response. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20 Suppl 2:S154-7. (PMID: 7548539) | | 128. | | Merino Díaz L, Torres Sánchez MJ, Aznar Martín J. Prevalence and mechanisms of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of beta-haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield groups A, B, C and G in Seville, Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:85-7. (PMID: 18034859) | | 129. | | Stevens DL, Wallace RJ, Hamilton SM, Bryant AE. Successful treatment of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome with linezolid: a case report and in vitro evaluation of the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1 in the presence of antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:729-30. (PMID: 16447124) | | 130. | | Altemeier WA, Fullen WD. Prevention and treatment of gas gangrene. JAMA. 1971 Aug 9;217(6):806-13.(PMID: 5109333) | | 131. | | Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Adams K, Mader JT. Evaluation of therapy with hyperbaric oxygen for experimental infection with Clostridium perfringens. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17:231-7. (PMID: 8399871) | | 132. | | Stevens DL. Dilemmas in the treatment of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:341-3. (PMID: 12884157) | | 133. | | Kaul R, McGeer A, Norrby-Teglund A, Kotb M, Schwartz B, O'Rourke K, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome—a comparative observational study. The Canadian Streptococcal Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:800-7. (PMID: 10825042) | | 134. | | Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjolin J, Aufwerber E, Haidl S, Follin P, et al; StreptIg Study Group. Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:333-40. (PMID: 12884156) | | 135. | | Bland CM, Frizzi JD, Reyes A. Use of drotrecogin alfa in necrotizing fasciitis: a case report and pharmacologic review. J Intensive Care Med. 2008;23:342-6. (PMID: 18805858) | | 136. | | Hecht DW. Routine anaerobic blood cultures: back where we started? Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 1;44(7):901-3. (PMID: 17342638) | | 137. | | Goldstein EJ. Bite wounds and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14:633-8. (PMID: 1562653) | | 138. | | Goldstein EJ, Reinhardt JF, Murray PM, Finegold SM. Outpatient therapy of bite wounds. Demographic data, bacteriology, and a prospective, randomized trial of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid versus penicillin +/- dicloxacillin. Int J Dermatol. 1987;26:123-7. (PMID: 3106248) | | 139. | | Bass JW, Chan DS, Creamer KM, Thompson MW, Malone FJ, Becker TM, et al. Comparison of oral cephalexin, topical mupirocin and topical bacitracin for treatment of impetigo. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16:708-10. (PMID: 9239775) | | 140. | | Demidovich CW, Wittler RR, Ruff ME, Bass JW, Browning WC. Impetigo. Current etiology and comparison of penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalexin therapies. Am J Dis Child. 1990;144:1313-5. (PMID: 2244610) | | 141. | | Tan JS, Wishnow RM, Talan DA, Duncanson FP, Norden CW. Treatment of hospitalized patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections: double-blind, randomized, multicenter study of piperacillin-tazobactam versus ticarcillin-clavulanate. The Piperacillin/Tazobactam Skin and Skin Structure Study Group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37:1580-6. (PMID: 8215266) | | 142. | | Gentry LO. Treatment of skin, skin structure, bone, and joint infections with ceftazidime. Am J Med. 1985;79:67-74. (PMID: 3895921) | | 143. | | Paul M, Silbiger I, Grozinsky S, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD003344. (PMID: 16437452) | | 144. | | Harbarth S, Nobre V, Pittet D. Does antibiotic selection impact patient outcome? Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:87-93. (PMID: 17143822) | | 145. | | Bliziotis IA, Samonis G, Vardakas KZ, Chrysanthopoulou S, Falagas ME. Effect of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam combination therapy versus beta-lactam monotherapy on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:149-58. (PMID: 15983909) | | 146. | | Paterson DL. Impact of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacilli on empirical and definitive antibiotic therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47 Suppl 1:S14-20. (PMID: 18713045) | | 147. | | Lodise TP Jr, Lomaestro B, Drusano GL. Piperacillin-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: clinical implications of an extended-infusion dosing strategy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:357-63. (PMID: 17205441) | | 148. | | Fritsche TR, Stilwell MG, Jones RN. Antimicrobial activity of doripenem (S-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11:974-84. (PMID: 16307551) | | 149. | | Chastre J, Wunderink R, Prokocimer P, Lee M, Kaniga K, Friedland I. Efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of doripenem versus imipenem in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multicenter, randomized study. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:1089-96. (PMID: 18379232) | | 150. | | Lorente L, Lorenzo L, Martín MM, Jiménez A, Mora ML. Meropenem by continuous versus intermittent infusion in ventilator-associated pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40:219-23. (PMID: 16449546) | | 151. | | Elting LS, Bodey GP, Keefe BH. Septicemia and shock syndrome due to viridans streptococci: a case-control study of predisposing factors. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14:1201-7. (PMID: 1623076) | | 152. | | Tsai YH, Huang TJ, Hsu RW, Weng YJ, Hsu WH, Huang KC, et al. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections and primary sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae non-O1. J Trauma. 2009;66:899-905.(PMID: 19276771) | | 153. | | Weigelt J, Itani K, Stevens D, Lau W, Dryden M, Knirsch C; Linezolid CSSTI Study Group. Linezolid versus vancomycin in treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:2260-6. (PMID: 15917519) | | 154. | | Hepburn MJ, Dooley DP, Skidmore PJ, Ellis MW, Starnes WF, Hasewinkle WC. Comparison of short-course (5 days) and standard (10 days) treatment for uncomplicated cellulitis. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1669-74. (PMID: 15302637) | | 155. | | Hayward G, Thompson M, Heneghan C, Perera R, Del Mar C, Glasziou P. Corticosteroids for pain relief in sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b2976. (PMID: 19661138) | | 156. | | van Rijen M, Bonten M, Wenzel R, Kluytmans J. Mupirocin ointment for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections in nasal carriers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008:CD006216. (PMID: 18843708) | | 157. | | Simor AE, Stuart TL, Louie L, Watt C, Ofner-Agostini M, Gravel D, et al; Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Mupirocin-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Canadian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3880-6. (PMID: 17724154) | | 158. | | Homer-Vanniasinkam S. Treatment of intra-abdominal and skin and soft tissue infections: The role of the glycylcyclines. Int J Surg. 2006;4:45-52. (PMID: 17462313) | | 159. | | Byl B, Clevenbergh P, Jacobs F, Struelens MJ, Zech F, Kentos A, et al. Impact of infectious diseases specialists and microbiological data on the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy for bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:60-6. (PMID: 10433566) | | 160. | | Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE Jr, Gerding DN, Weinstein RA, Burke JP, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:159-77. (PMID: 17173212) | | 161. | | Dupuy A, Benchikhi H, Roujeau JC, Bernard P, Vaillant L, Chosidow O, et al. Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. BMJ. 1999;318:1591-4. (PMID: 10364117) | | 162. | | Bristow IR, Spruce MC. Fungal foot infection, cellulitis and diabetes: a review. Diabet Med. 2009;26:548-51. | | New References of Interest | | 163. | | Lucet JC, Paoletti X, Demontpion C, Degrave M, Vanjak D, Vincent C, et al. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in home care settings: prevalence, duration, and transmission to household members. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1372-8. (PMID: 19667299) | | FAQs |
| Dennis L. Stevens, PhD, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Lawrence J. Eron, MD, FACP has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP, Acting Editor, PIER, has stock holdings in Glaxosmithkline and Abbott. |
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Cellulitis and Soft Tissue Infections