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Additional Resources
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Clinical Information
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| Guideline |
| American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists |
| | Medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus |
| American College of Endocrinology |
| | American College of Endocrinology consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of pre-diabetes in the continuum of hyperglycemia—when do the risks of diabetes begin? |
| Annals of Internal Medicine |
| | Lipid control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians |
| | Pharmacologic lipid-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: background paper for the American College of Physicians |
| | The evidence base for tight blood pressure control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus: blood pressure goals, choice of agents, and setting priorities in diabetes care |
| | Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: recommendations and rationale |
| | Screening adults for type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force |
| | Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians |
| | Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement |
| | Screening adults for type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force |
| British Medical Journal |
| | Management of type 2 diabetes: summary of updated NICE guidance |
| | Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: summary of NICE guidance |
| Diabetes Care |
| | Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy |
| | International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes |
| Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |
| | Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus |
| Article |
| Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica |
| | Cataract surgery on diabetic patients. A prospective evaluation of risk factors and complications |
| American Journal of Epidemiology |
| | Cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women |
| American Journal of Medicine |
| | The effect of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Are calcium antagonists beneficial in diabetic patients with hypertension? |
| American Journal of Ophthalmology |
| | Glitazone use associated with diabetic macular edema |
| Annals of Internal Medicine |
| | Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study |
| | Comorbidity affects the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: a cohort study |
| | The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | The association between quality of care and the intensity of diabetes disease management programs |
| | The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men |
| | Inhaled human insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among persons with hepatitis C virus infection in the United States |
| | Physical activity and risk for cardiovascular events in diabetic women |
| | Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men |
| | Management of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: guidelines based on current evidence |
| | Mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic liver injury after pioglitazone therapy |
| | A diabetes report card for the United States: quality of care in the 1990s |
| | Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test? |
| | Metformin: an update |
| | Tests of glycemia for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Effect of a multivitamin and mineral supplement on infection and quality of life. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial |
| | Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy |
| | Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial |
| | Effect of losartan on microalbuminuria in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized clinical trial |
| | Use of metabolic markers to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant |
| | Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Clinical spectrum associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β mutations |
| | The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial |
| | Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals |
| | Metabolic effects of rosiglitazone in HIV lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial |
| | Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cost-effectiveness analysis |
| | The effectiveness of depression care management on diabetes-related outcomes in older patients |
| | Clinical implications of estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate |
| | Diabetes care quality in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and commercial managed care: the TRIAD study |
| | Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk |
| | Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus |
| | Incidence of type 2 diabetes in the randomized multiple risk factor intervention trial |
| | The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance |
| | Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial |
| | Impaired fasting glucose and cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease |
| | Cost-effectiveness of full medicare coverage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for beneficiaries with diabetes |
| | Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of strategies for managing people at high risk for diabetes |
| | Inhaled insulin improves glycemic control when substituted for or added to oral combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial |
| | Improvements in diabetes processes of care and intermediate outcomes: United States, 1988-2002 |
| | Therapy modifications in response to poorly controlled hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus |
| | The relationship between green tea and total caffeine intake and risk for self-reported type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults |
| | Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial |
| | Mortality trends in men and women with diabetes, 1971 to 2000 |
| | Effects of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | The role of clinical uncertainty in treatment decisions for diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood pressure |
| | Association of numeracy and diabetes control |
| | Diabetes and hearing impairment in the United States: audiometric evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004 |
| | The effect of comorbid illness and functional status on the expected benefits of intensive glucose control in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a decision analysis |
| | Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and resistin in relation to the risk for type 2 diabetes in women |
| | Addition of neutral protamine lispro insulin or insulin glargine to oral type 2 diabetes regimens for patients with suboptimal glycemic control: a randomized trial |
| | Joint effects of common genetic variants on the risk for type 2 diabetes in U.S. men and women of European ancestry |
| | Two risk-scoring systems for predicting incident diabetes mellitus in U.S. adults age 45 to 64 years |
| | Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: time for an evidence-based about-face? |
| | Effect of candesartan on microalbuminuria and albumin excretion rate in diabetes: three randomized trials |
| | Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | The net value of health care for patients with type 2 diabetes, 1997 to 2005 |
| | Development and validation of a patient self-assessment score for diabetes risk |
| Archives of Internal Medicine |
| | Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002 |
| | Prediction of coronary artery calcium in young adults using the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) risk score: the CARDIA study |
| | Asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with diabetes mellitus: effect on renal function after 6 years of follow-up |
| | Risk factors of vitamin B(12) deficiency in patients receiving metformin |
| | Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Effects of etanercept in patients with the metabolic syndrome |
| | Attenuation of progression of insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease by bezafibrate |
| | Differing effects of antihypertensive drugs on the incidence of diabetes mellitus among patients with hypertensive kidney disease |
| | Metabolic syndrome and the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women |
| | Adipocytokines and incident diabetes mellitus in older adults: the independent effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 |
| | Preemptive transplantation for patients with diabetes-related kidney disease |
| | Metabolic syndrome compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Offspring Study |
| | Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men with diabetes |
| | Change in cognitive function by glucose tolerance status in older adults: a 4-year prospective study of the Rancho Bernardo study cohort |
| | Relationship of walking to mortality among US adults with diabetes |
| | Alcohol drinking patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among younger women |
| | Smoking and risk of coronary heart disease among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Sex differences in risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the MONICA Augsburg cohort study |
| | Diabetes, plasma insulin, and cardiovascular disease: subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) |
| | C-reactive protein as a predictor for incident diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men: results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study, 1984-1998 |
| | Role of organizational factors in poor blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes: the QuED Study Group-Quality of Care and Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes |
| | A cohort study of the incidence of serious acute liver injury in diabetic patients treated with hypoglycemic agents |
| | Sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease mortality associated with diabetes and established coronary heart disease |
| | The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial |
| | Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy: results from the RENAAL study |
| | Inhaled insulin provides improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with oral agents: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Retinal vascular changes and 20-year incidence of lower extremity amputations in a cohort with diabetes |
| | Inpatient to outpatient transfer of care in urban patients with diabetes: patterns and determinants of immediate postdischarge follow-up |
| | Optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: fasting and postprandial glucose in context |
| | Physical activity, body mass index, and risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with normal or impaired glucose regulation |
| | Hemoglobin A1c level and future cardiovascular events among women |
| | Insulin therapy for critically ill hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| | Is nondiabetic hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies |
| | Trends in complexity of diabetes care in the United States from 1991 to 2000 |
| | The diagnostic yield of a standardized approach to idiopathic sensory-predominant neuropathy |
| | Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| | Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women |
| | Impact of diabetes on mortality in patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction |
| | A meta-analysis comparing the effect of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors |
| | Aspirin use among adults with diabetes: recent trends and emerging sex disparities |
| | The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke, and death: a population-based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up |
| | Impact of diabetes and previous myocardial infarction on long-term survival: 25-year mortality follow-up of primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial |
| | A probabilistic model for predicting hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans Study (DOVES) |
| | Implications of diabetes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events |
| | Hostility and physiological risk in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study |
| | Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of relationships between fasting, 2-hour postchallenge plasma glucose and hemoglobin a1c values |
| | Prospective study of social and other risk factors for incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Whitehall II study |
| | Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical and biochemical differences |
| | Sex differences in the effect of diabetes duration on coronary heart disease mortality |
| | Performance of screening questionnaires and risk scores for undiagnosed diabetes: the KORA Survey 2000 |
| | Pulse oximetry as a potential screening tool for lower extremity arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus |
| | Type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, and continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea |
| | Anemia with impaired erythropoietin response in diabetic patients |
| | Association of sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance |
| | Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: a prospective study |
| | Retinal arteriolar narrowing, hypertension, and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus |
| | Marital quality and occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in women |
| | Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort study |
| | Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome |
| | Fasting triglyceride and the triglyceride-HDL cholesterol ratio are not markers of insulin resistance in African Americans |
| | Clinical outcomes in antihypertensive treatment of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose concentration, and normoglycemia: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) |
| | Effects of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials |
| | Nontraumatic fracture risk with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in older white and black adults: the health, aging, and body composition study |
| | Plasma C peptide level and cognitive function among older women without diabetes mellitus |
| | Glycemic control and coronary heart disease risk in persons with and without diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study |
| | Risk factors for declining ankle-brachial index in men and women 65 years or older: the cardiovascular health study |
| | Reduced screening mammography among women with diabetes |
| | Direct, progressive association of cardiovascular risk factors with incident proteinuria: results from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) study |
| | Disparities in diabetes care: impact of mental illness |
| | Metabolic syndrome vs Framingham Risk Score for prediction of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | An intervention to overcome clinical inertia and improve diabetes mellitus control in a primary care setting: Improving Primary Care of African Americans with Diabetes (IPCAAD) 8 |
| | Type 2 diabetes mellitus in midlife estimated from the Cambridge Risk Score and body mass index |
| | Use of a blood glucose monitoring manual to enhance monitoring adherence in adults with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Exogenous insulin use and hypertension in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women |
| | Mannose-binding lectin and mortality in type 2 diabetes |
| | Absolute and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease incidence in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: comparison of African American with white subjects—Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study |
| | Heterogeneity in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese individuals: effect of differences in insulin sensitivity |
| | Longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study |
| | Longitudinal incidence and prevalence of adverse outcomes of diabetes mellitus in elderly patients |
| | Helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus make treatment decisions: statin choice randomized trial |
| | Diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and incident depressive symptoms among 70- to 79-year-old persons: the health, aging, and body composition study |
| | Associations of diabetes mellitus with total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease |
| | Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| | Portion control plate for weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a controlled clinical trial |
| | Low-dose rosiglitazone in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes |
| | Short-term variability in measures of glycemia and implications for the classification of diabetes |
| | A prospective study of inflammatory cytokines and diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women |
| | Mechanisms for racial and ethnic disparities in glycemic control in middle-aged and older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study |
| | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cereal fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in US black women |
| | Prospective study of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese women |
| | Inadequate control of hypertension in US adults with cardiovascular disease comorbidities in 2003-2004 |
| | Survival benefit of nephrologic care in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease |
| | Clinic-based support to help overweight patients with type 2 diabetes increase physical activity and lose weight |
| | The growing burden of diabetes mellitus in the US elderly population—invited commentary |
| | Clinical outcomes by race in hypertensive patients with and without the metabolic syndrome: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) |
| | Exceptional longevity in men: modifiable factors associated with survival and function to age 90 years |
| | Development and validation of an all-cause mortality risk score in type 2 diabetes |
| | Vitamin D as an analgesic for patients with type 2 diabetes and neuropathic pain |
| | Use of thiazolidinediones and fracture risk |
| | The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical vascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis |
| | Metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study |
| | Physician performance and racial disparities in diabetes mellitus care |
| | Sugar-sweetened beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women |
| | Plasma vitamin C level, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: the European prospective investigation of cancer—Norfolk prospective study |
| | Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial |
| | Efficacy and safety of colesevelam in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control receiving insulin-based therapy |
| | Practice-linked online personal health records for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects |
| | National trends in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1994-2007 |
| | Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with diabetes who initiated rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone therapy |
| | Poor glycemic control in diabetes and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease even in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study |
| | Impact of a weight management program on health-related quality of life in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes |
| | Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Antipsychotic drugs and hyperglycemia in older patients with diabetes |
| | Thiazolidinediones and fractures in men and women |
| | Diabetes mellitus in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Increased risk associated with radiation therapy: a report for the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study |
| | Neighborhood resources for physical activity and healthy foods and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis |
| | The effects of a nurse case manager and a community health worker team on diabetic control, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| British Medical Journal |
| | Are people with negative diabetes screening tests falsely reassured? Parallel group cohort study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomised controlled trial |
| | Lifetime cost effectiveness of simvastatin in a range of risk groups and age groups derived from a randomised trial of 20,536 people |
| | Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring |
| | Prevention and early detection of vascular complications of diabetes |
| | Recent advances and emerging treatments |
| | Association of insulin resistance with depression: cross sectional findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study |
| | Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study) |
| | Prospective study of type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline in women aged 70-81 years |
| | Mortality in young people admitted to hospital for diabetes: database study |
| | Association of deprivation, ethnicity, and sex with quality indicators for diabetes: population based survey of 53,000 patients in primary care |
| | Insulin resistance and depression: cross sectional study |
| | Fatal liver failure associated with pioglitazone |
| | Sharing stories: complex intervention for diabetes education in minority ethnic groups who do not speak English |
| | Insulin resistance and depressive symptoms in middle aged men: findings from the Caerphilly prospective cohort study |
| | Use of waist circumference to predict insulin resistance: retrospective study |
| | Association of socioeconomic position with insulin resistance among children from Denmark, Estonia, and Portugal: cross sectional study |
| | Chronic stress at work and the metabolic syndrome: prospective study |
| | Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study |
| | Active and passive smoking and development of glucose intolerance among young adults in a prospective cohort: CARDIA study |
| | Effect of perioperative beta blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial |
| | Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: the end of recurrent failure? |
| | Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial |
| | Psychological impact of screening for type 2 diabetes: controlled trial and comparative study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomised controlled trial |
| | Patients' experiences of screening for type 2 diabetes: prospective qualitative study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomised controlled trial |
| | Self monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: longitudinal qualitative study of patients' perspectives |
| | Effectiveness of the Diabetes Education and Self Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised controlled trial |
| | Efficacy of self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (ESMON study): randomised controlled trial |
| | Cost effectiveness of self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: economic evaluation of data from the DiGEM trial |
| | Different strategies for screening and prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults: cost effectiveness analysis |
| | Management of retinal detachment: a guide for non-ophthalmologists |
| | Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: prospective cohort study |
| | Secular decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes mellitus: cohort study |
| | The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease |
| | Predicting risk of type 2 diabetes in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QDScore |
| | Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study |
| | Combining insulin with metformin or an insulin secretagogue in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 12 month, randomised, double blind trial |
| | Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database |
| Circulation |
| | Enalapril reduces the incidence of diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure: insight from the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) |
| | Fish and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality in diabetic women |
| | Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events |
| | Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines |
| Diabetes Care |
| | Clinical Practice Recommendations 2003 (Supplement) |
| | Effects of tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes |
| | Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes |
| | Optimal dose of candesartan for renoprotection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: a double-blind randomized cross-over study |
| | Randomized controlled community-based nutrition and exercise intervention improves glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in rural Costa Rica |
| | Diagnostic strategies to detect glucose intolerance in a multiethnic population |
| | Validation of a counseling strategy to promote the adoption and the maintenance of physical activity by type 2 diabetic subjects |
| | Acarbose improves glycemic control in overweight type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently treated with metformin |
| | Vardenafil, a new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled fixed-dose study |
| | Randomized cross-over trial of insulin glargine plus lispro or NPH insulin plus regular human insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on intensive insulin regimens |
| | A controlled trial of web-based diabetes disease management: the MGH diabetes primary care improvement project |
| | Impact of incident diabetes and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease on 18-year mortality: the multiple risk factor intervention trial experience |
| | The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: the SYDNEY trial |
| | Diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in women with previous gestational diabetes |
| | A comparison of diabetes education administered through telemedicine versus in person |
| | Increasing physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes |
| | Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial |
| | Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes |
| | Antihyperglycemic effect of oolong tea in type 2 diabetes |
| | Cost effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of major coronary events in individuals with type 2 diabetes |
| | The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis |
| | Effects of the early ACE inhibition in diabetic nonthrombolyzed patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction |
| | Human epidermal growth factor enhances healing of diabetic foot ulcers |
| | Evaluation of the impact of chiropodist care in the secondary prevention of foot ulcerations in diabetic subjects |
| | Management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with diabetes |
| | Evaluating concordance to American Diabetes Association standards of care for type 2 diabetes through group visits in an uninsured or inadequately insured patient population |
| | Specialist nurse-led intervention to treat and control hypertension and hyperlipidemia in diabetes (SPLINT): a randomized controlled trial |
| | Management of uncontrolled hypertension in a nurse-led clinic compared with conventional care for patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | Renoprotective effects of adding angiotensin II receptor blocker to maximal recommended doses of ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover trial |
| | Biologic and quality-of-life outcomes from the Mediterranean Lifestyle Program: a randomized clinical trial |
| | Low-glycemic index diets in the management of diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| | Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the LIPID trial |
| | HYAFF 11-based autologous dermal and epidermal grafts in the treatment of noninfected diabetic plantar and dorsal foot ulcers: a prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical trial |
| | Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade and renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an Asian perspective from the RENAAL study |
| | Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with subcutaneous insulin aspart |
| Diabetic Medicine |
| | Rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evaluation in British Indo-Asian patients |
| | Comparison of repaglinide vs. gliclazide in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents |
| European Heart Journal |
| | Risks of cardiovascular events and effects of routine blood pressure lowering among patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation: results of the ADVANCE study |
| Experimental Biological Medicine |
| | Insulin resistance: cellular and clinical concepts |
| Family Practice |
| | The North Dublin randomized controlled trial of structured diabetes shared care |
| Journal of the American College of Cardiology |
| | Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials |
| Journal of the American Medical Association |
| | Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | Midlife risk factors and healthy survival in men |
| | Effect of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality in young and middle-aged Pima Indians |
| | Effects of quality improvement strategies for type 2 diabetes on glycemic control: a meta-regression analysis |
| | Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | Role of the metabolic syndrome in risk assessment for coronary heart disease |
| | International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis |
| | Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Using new insulin strategies in the outpatient treatment of diabetes: clinical applications |
| | Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction for type 2 diabetes |
| | Association of health literacy with diabetes outcomes |
| | Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women |
| | Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women |
| | Effects of Internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial |
| | Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients |
| | Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States |
| | Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes |
| | Body iron stores in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy women |
| | Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Finnish men and women |
| | Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Glucose metabolism and coronary heart disease in patients with normal glucose tolerance |
| | Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial |
| | The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline |
| | Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes |
| | Retinopathy and risk of congestive heart failure |
| | Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women |
| | Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women |
| | Effect of a mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial |
| | Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women |
| | Influence of patient literacy on the effectiveness of a primary care-based diabetes disease management program |
| | Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults |
| | Insulin resistance and risk of congestive heart failure |
| | High-risk patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with low-molecular-weight or unfractionated heparin: outcomes at 6 months and 1 year in the SYNERGY trial |
| | Insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, and pancreatic cancer in male smokers |
| | Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States |
| | Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| | Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes |
| | Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trial |
| | Effect of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial |
| | Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and incidence of the metabolic syndrome |
| | A 40-year-old woman with diabetes contemplating pregnancy after gastric bypass surgery |
| | Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus and human herpesvirus 8 infection in sub-Saharan Africans |
| | Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes |
| | Fetuin-A and incident diabetes mellitus in older persons |
| | Arsenic exposure and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in US adults |
| | Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Interaction between poor glycemic control and 9p21 locus on risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes |
| | Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial |
| | Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Hypoglycemic episodes and risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Effects of initiating insulin and metformin on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes: the LANCET randomized trial |
| Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |
| | Lowering blood pressure reduces renal events in type 2 diabetes |
| Journal of Clinical Hypertension |
| | Type 2 diabetes: RENAAL and IDNT—the emergence of new treatment options |
| Journal of Family Practice |
| | Starting insulin in type 2 diabetes: Continue oral hypoglycemic agents? A randomized trial in primary care |
| Lancet |
| | Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial |
| | Efficacy and tolerability of rimonabant in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study |
| | Global and regional mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke attributable to higher-than-optimum blood glucose concentration: comparative risk assessment |
| | Incidence of sight-threatening retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study: a cohort study |
| | MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial |
| | Effect of losartan on sudden cardiac death in people with diabetes: data from the LIFE study |
| | Prediabetes in obese youth: a syndrome of impaired glucose tolerance, severe insulin resistance, and altered myocellular and abdominal fat partitioning |
| | Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes |
| | Prevalence, care, and outcomes for patients with diet-controlled diabetes in general practice: cross sectional survey |
| | Cost-effectiveness of simvastatin in people at different levels of vascular disease risk: economic analysis of a randomised trial in 20,536 individuals |
| | Diabetes and associated disorders in Cambodia: two epidemiological surveys |
| | Ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for diabetic foot infections (SIDESTEP): prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded, multicentre trial |
| | Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial |
| | Early changes in the skin microcirculation and muscle metabolism of the diabetic foot |
| | The global burden of diabetic foot disease |
| | Treatment for diabetic foot ulcers |
| | Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot |
| | Role of the mitochondrial DNA 16184-16193 poly-C tract in type 2 diabetes |
| | Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial |
| | C-reactive protein and its role in metabolic syndrome: mendelian randomisation study |
| | Aspirin resistance |
| | Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: a population-based retrospective cohort study |
| | Sexual dysfunction in men and women with endocrine disorders |
| | Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995-2005: a population-based study |
| | Renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular risk |
| | Acute and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
| | Incidence of new-onset diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients with recent myocardial infarction and the effect of clinical and lifestyle risk factors |
| | Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial |
| | Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys |
| | Efficacy of a theory-based behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in an at-risk group in primary care (ProActive UK): a randomised trial |
| | Relation between fasting glucose and retinopathy for diagnosis of diabetes: three population-based cross-sectional studies |
| | Once-daily basal insulin glargine versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro in people with type 2 diabetes on oral hypoglycaemic agents (APOLLO): an open randomised controlled trial |
| | Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomised parallel-group trial |
| | Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south Asian ethnic origin (the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study): a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| | The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow-up study |
| | Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies |
| | Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study |
| | Effect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial |
| | Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial |
| | Effect of calcium dobesilate on occurrence of diabetic macular oedema (CALDIRET study): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial |
| | Voglibose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind trial in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance |
| | Effect of fenofibrate on amputation events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (FIELD study): a prespecified analysis of a randomised controlled trial |
| | Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Whitehall II study |
| | Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial |
| | Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6) |
| | Effect of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist aleglitazar on risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (SYNCHRONY): a phase II, randomised, dose-ranging study |
| | 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study |
| Metabolism |
| | Correlation between common carotid arterial wall thickness and ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
| | Self-reported prediabetes and risk-reduction activities—United States, 2006 |
| New England Journal of Medicine |
| | A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| | TCF7L2 polymorphisms and progression to diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program |
| | Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease |
| | Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU |
| | Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin |
| | Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood |
| | Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes |
| | Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy |
| | Premature birth and later insulin resistance |
| | Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery |
| | Insulin analogues |
| | Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy |
| | Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis |
| | Erythropoietin as a retinal angiogenic factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy |
| | Normal fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes in young men |
| | Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults |
| | Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors |
| | Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese, and diabetic subjects |
| | Switching from insulin to oral sulfonylureas in patients with diabetes due to Kir6.2 mutations |
| | Clinical practice. Management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting |
| | Inhaled insulin for diabetes mellitus |
| | Clinical practice. Diabetic gastroparesis |
| | Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function |
| | Glucose regulation in young adults with very low birth weight |
| | Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes—an interim analysis |
| | Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes |
| | Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes |
| | Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events |
| | Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy |
| | Evaluation of the Framingham risk score in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk cohort: does adding glycated hemoglobin improve the prediction of coronary heart disease events |
| | Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes |
| | 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes |
| | Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes |
| | Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes |
| | Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes |
| | Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients |
| | A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease |
| | Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men |
| | Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes |
| | A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease |
| Pain |
| | Controlled-release oxycodone relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial in painful diabetic neuropathy |
| Stroke |
| | UKPDS 60: risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes estimated by the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine |
| Review |
| American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
| | Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes |
| Annals of Internal Medicine |
| | Narrative review: a rational approach to starting insulin therapy |
| | Screening for diabetic retinopathy |
| | Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Nonhypoglycemic effects of thiazolidinediones |
| | Increased incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and management |
| | Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review |
| | Narrative review: hepatobiliary disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of inhaled insulin therapy in adults with diabetes mellitus |
| | Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of premixed insulin analogues in type 2 diabetes |
| | Narrative review: effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension |
| | Systematic review: glucose control and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes |
| Archives of Internal Medicine |
| | Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia |
| | Combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Women and heart disease: the role of diabetes and hyperglycemia |
| | Postprandial glucose regulation and diabetic complications |
| | Comparative benefits of clopidogrel and aspirin in high-risk patient populations: lessons from the CAPRIE and CURE studies |
| | Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis |
| | Effectiveness of statin therapy in adults with coronary heart disease |
| | Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes |
| | Diabetes mellitus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the heart |
| | Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-acting insulin analogues in patients with diabetes mellitus |
| | Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis |
| | Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of oral diabetes medications: a systematic review |
| British Medical Journal |
| | Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies |
| | Systematic review of lipid lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetes |
| | Systematic review of topical capsaicin for the treatment of chronic pain |
| | Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists on mortality and renal outcomes in diabetic nephropathy: systematic review |
| | Efficacy of lipid lowering drug treatment for diabetic and non-diabetic patients: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |
| | Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Benefits and harms of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and heart failure: systematic review |
| | Metformin, heart failure, and lactic acidosis: is metformin absolutely contraindicated? |
| | Artificially low HbA1c associated with treatment with ribavirin |
| | The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |
| | Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |
| Clinical Evidence |
| | Glycaemic control in diabetes |
| | Cardiovascular disease in diabetes |
| | Foot ulcers and amputations in diabetes |
| | Diabetic retinopathy |
| Cochrane Library |
| | Systems for routine surveillance for people with diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review) |
| | Interventions to improve the management of diabetes mellitus in primary care, outpatient and community settings (Cochrane Review) |
| | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review) |
| | Specialist nurses in diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review) |
| | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds (Cochrane Review) |
| | Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults (Cochrane Review) |
| | Short acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review) |
| | Tramadol for neuropathic pain (Cochrane Review) |
| | Inhaled insulin in diabetes mellitus (Cochrane Review) |
| Endocrinology |
| | Perspective: the search for genes for type 2 diabetes in the post-genome era |
| Journal of the American Medical Association |
| | Assessing glycemia in diabetes using self-monitoring blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c |
| | Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management |
| | Molecular understanding of hyperglycemia's adverse effects for diabetic complications |
| | Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: scientific review |
| | Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes |
| | Diabetes and coronary revascularization |
| | Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review |
| | Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Management of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review |
| | Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials |
| | Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis |
| | Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Patient-important outcomes in registered diabetes trials |
| | Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review |
| | Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology |
| | Adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Lancet |
| | Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis |
| | Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis |
| | Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis |
| | Cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from mechanistic studies |
| | Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |
| | Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| New England Journal of Medicine |
| | Initial management of glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | Diverse causes of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes |
| | Clinical practice. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers |
| | Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults |
| | Thiazolidinediones |
| Patient Education and Counseling |
| | A systematic review of psychosocial outcomes following education, self-management and psychological interventions in diabetes mellitus |
| Web |
| American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists |
| | American College of Endocrinology Consensus Development Conference on Inpatient Diabetes and Metabolic Control |
| Commentary |
| ACP Journal Club |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| | 2009 - Pioglitazone was associated with lower risk for adverse cardiovascular events than rosiglitazone in older patients |
| | 2009 - A lifestyle intervention improved obstructive sleep apnea more than support and education in obese patients with diabetes |
| | 2009 - A Mediterranean-style diet reduced need for glucose-lowering drugs more than a low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2009 - Minimally invasive and conventional glucose monitoring did not differ for long-term glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetes |
| | 2009 - Rosiglitazone was noninferior to metformin plus sulfonylurea for CV events but increased risk for HF and fractures in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2009 - Review: Intensive glucose control reduced some CV events but did not change mortality in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2009 - Bariatric surgery was cost-effective at 2 years for management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients |
| | 2009 - Bariatric surgery was dominant over conventional therapy for lifetime management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients |
| | 2008 - Review: Metformin reduces risk for CV mortality compared with other oral diabetes drugs or placebo in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Intensive insulin therapy reduced long-term risk for incident hypertension in type 1 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Benefits of early intensive glucose control to prevent diabetes complications were sustained for up to 10 years |
| | 2008 - Benefits of tight blood pressure control to prevent diabetes complications were not sustained |
| | 2008 - Glycemic control was not affected by self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Self-monitoring of blood glucose was not cost-effective in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Intensive insulin therapy improved glycemic control more than oral hypoglycemic agents in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Intensive glucose control did not prevent important complications in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Intensive glucose control increased mortality and did not prevent cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Review: Little evidence exists on the benefits and harms of screening for and treating gestational diabetes |
| | 2008 - A targeted, multifactorial intervention reduced mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria |
| | 2008 - Adjustable gastric banding improved glycemic control in obese patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | 2008 - Review: Statins prevent stroke and reduce mortality |
| | 2007 - Thiazolidinediones increased risk for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death in older patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Aerobic plus resistance training was more effective than either alone for reducing HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes |
| | - Review: Long-acting insulin analogues do not improve glycemic control but do reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia in diabetes |
| | 2007 - Review: beta-blockers for hypertension increase risk for new-onset diabetes compared with nondiuretic antihypertensive agents |
| | 2007 - Review: Thiazolidinediones increase congestive heart failure but not cardiovascular deaths in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Self-monitoring of blood glucose did not improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin |
| | 2007 - Review: Incretin therapy improves glycemic control more than placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Review: Thiazolidinediones increase risk for heart failure in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as known diabetes, increased risk for death within 5 years |
| | 2007 - Review: Meglitinide analogues reduce glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, but morbidity and mortality effects are unknown |
| | 2007 - Review: Rosiglitazone increases risk for MI but does not differ from other drugs for CV death in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Rosiglitazone increased heart failure but did not differ from metformin plus sulfonylurea for other CV outcomes at interim analysis |
| | 2007 - A portion-control plate was effective for weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | 2007 - Review: Long-acting insulin analogues reduce risk for hypoglycemia compared with NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2007 - Vildagliptin was effective as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy |
| | 2007 - Intensive insulin therapy during cardiac surgery did not reduce mortality or morbidity but increased risk for stroke |
| | 2007 - Review: Angiotensin-receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have the lowest risk for diabetes |
| | 2007 - Vildagliptin was noninferior to rosiglitazone for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes but caused less weight gain |
| | 2006 - A lifestyle intervention continued to prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients after the program was stopped |
| | 2006 - Review: Inhaled insulin provides better glycemic control than oral hypoglycemic agents but not better than subcutaneous insulin |
| | 2006 - Sitagliptin improved glycemic control and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2006 - Simvastatin was cost-effective across a broad range of risk and age groups |
| | 2006 - Rosiglitazone reduced type 2 diabetes but increased heart failure in patients with impaired glycemic control |
| | 2006 - Ramipril did not reduce incident diabetes in patients with impaired glycemic control |
| | 2006 - Review: ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers reduce diabetes in hypertension and other CV risk factors |
| | 2006 - Atorvastatin did not prevent cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2006 - Adjunctive inhaled insulin before meals improved glycemic control more than adjunctive metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | 2005 - Intensive insulin therapy reduced cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes |
| | 2005 - Review: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers prevent type 2 diabetes |
| | 2005 - Candesartan prevented development of diabetes mellitus in heart failure |
| | 2005 - Screening and active management reduced perinatal complications more than routine care in gestational diabetes |
| | 2005 - Review: alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors improve glycemic control but have uncertain effects on patient-important outcomes in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2005 - A lifestyle intervention or metformin prevented or delayed the onset of the metabolic syndrome in persons at risk |
| | 2005 - Review: Mixed signals from trials concerning pharmacologic prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | 2004 - Review: Insulin monotherapy and insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents provide similar glycemic control |
| | 2004 - Review: Short-acting insulin analogues reduce glycosylated hemoglobin more than regular human insulin but only in adults with type 1 diabetes |
| | 2005 - Diuretic-based therapy reduced cardiovascular mortality in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension and diabetes |
| | 2004 - A dietitian-led intervention reduced weight and waist circumference in obese patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | 2004 - Review: Fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine modestly reduce weight in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2003 - Review: Metformin does not increase risk for lactic acidosis or increase lactate levels in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2003 - Review: Interventions focusing on patient behaviors in provider-patient interactions improve diabetes outcomes |
| | 2003 - Acarbose reduced the risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension in impaired glucose tolerance |
| | - Review: Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone as add-on therapy is effective for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2003 - Enalapril reduced the risk for new-onset diabetes in left ventricular dysfunction |
| | 2003 - A counseling strategy was better than usual care for adopting and maintaining physical activity in type 2 diabetes |
| | 2003 - Combining fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin improved the accuracy for detecting patients with diabetes |
| | 2002 - Training in flexible intensive insulin management improved glycemic control and quality of life in type 1 diabetes |
| | 2002 - Losartan reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality more than atenolol in patients with diabetes and essential hypertension |
| | 2002 - Review: Metformin does not increase fatal or nonfatal lactic acidosis or blood lactate levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| | 2002 - A split regimen of regular insulin at dinner and NPH insulin at bedtime reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes |
| | 2002 - A lifestyle intervention or metformin prevented or delayed the onset of type 2 diabetes in persons at risk |
| | 2001 - Review: Stress hyperglycemia after ischemic stroke indicates a greater risk for death in patients without diabetes |
| | 2001 - Several simple rules predicted complications in high-risk patients with diabetes |
| | 2001 - Cardiovascular events were increased in high cardiovascular risk patients with albuminuria |
| | 2001 - Changes in diet and physical activity prevented type 2 diabetes mellitus in persons with impaired glucose tolerance |
| | 2001 - Review: Self-management training in type 2 diabetes mellitus is effective in the short term |
| | 2000 - Glyburide was as safe and effective as insulin in gestational diabetes |
| | 2000 - Review: Self-monitoring does not improve blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Educational Resources
|
| Educational Syllabus |
| Annual Session 2004: Updates |
| | Randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients |
| | MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial |
| | Inhaled insulin provides improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with oral agents |
| | Survival after pancreas transplantation in patients with diabetes and preserved kidney function |
| | Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy: results from the RENAAL study |
| | Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system versus maximal recommended dose of ACE inhibition in diabetic nephropathy |
| | Smoking is associated with renal impairment and proteinuria in the normal population: the AusDiab kidney study. Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study |
| Annual Session 2003: Updates |
| | General Internal Medicine: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin |
| | Endocrinology: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin |
| | Antimicrobial treatment in diabetic women with asymptomatic bacteriuria |
| | Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| Annual Session 2002: Multiple Small Feedings of the Mind |
| | Diabetes Mellitus 2002 |
| | Primary Care of the Patient with Hypertension |
| Annual Session 2002: Updates |
| | Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (the finish diabetes prevention group). |
| | Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heat failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals (HOPE and MicroHOPE studies). |
| | Impact of diabetes on long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction (the Onset study): Comparability of risk with prior myocardial infarction. |
| | Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population. |
| | Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in Patients with Nephropathy Due to Type 2 Diabetes |
| | The Effect of Irbesartan on the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes |
| | Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy |
| Clinical Problem-Solving Cases |
| | 58-year-old man with burning, pain and numbness of feet and hands |
| MKSAP 12 |
| | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Book Chapter |
| Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient |
| | Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes |
|
|
Patient Information
|
| Web |
| | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Premixed Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for Adults |
| | American College of Physicians: ACP Special Report: Managing the ABCs of Diabetes |
| | American College of Physicians: Diabetes: America's Hidden Killer |
| | American College of Physicians: Five Keys to a Healthy Heart: A Guide for African Americans |
| | American College of Physicians: Living With Diabetes: A Guide for African Americans |
| | American College of Physicians Foundation HEALTH TiPS: Diabetes |
| | Annals of Internal Medicine: Summaries for Patients: Blood Pressure Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recommendations from the American College of Physicians |
| | National Diabetes Education Program: Take Care of Your Feet for a Lifetime |
| | National Eye Institute: Don't Lose Sight of Diabetic Eye Disease |
| | National Eye Institute: Diabetic Retinopathy: What You Should Know |
| | National Eye Institute: Diabetic Eye Disease: How Much Do You Know? |
| | National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Diabetes Overview |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Diagnosis of Diabetes |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Kidney Disease of Diabetes |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Medicines for People with Diabetes |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: What I Need to Know About Eating and Diabetes |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Your Guide to Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 |
| | U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Quick Information-Diabetes |
| | American College of Physicians: Diabetes: Prevention and Control: A Guide for Hispanic Americans (Spanish) |
| | National Diabetes Education Program: Take Care of Your Feet for a Lifetime (Spanish) |
| | National Eye Institute: Diabetic Eye Disease: How Much Do You Know? (Spanish) |
| | National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Control Your Diabetes for Life: Tips for Feeling Better and Staying Healthy (Spanish) |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Keep Your Kidneys Healthy (Spanish) |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Medicines for People With Diabetes (Spanish) |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: What I Need to Know About Eating and Diabetes (Spanish) |
| | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Your Guide to Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 (Spanish) |
| | U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Quick Information-Diabetes (Spanish) |
 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
