Nerve Agent Exposure Author: Elliot Rodriguez, MD, FACEP; Christine M. Stork, PharmD, DABAT
Editorial changes - 2009-10-30
Author information and module status
Prevention
Screening
Diagnosis
Consultation for Diagnosis
Hospitalization
Non-drug Therapy
Drug Therapy
Patient Education
Consultation for Management
Follow-up

Tables
References
Glossary
What's New
Patient Information
Additional Resources
Tools
Additional Resources

Clinical Information
Article
   Annals of Emergency Medicine
 Executive summary: developing objectives, content, and competencies for the training of emergency medical technicians, emergency physicians, and emergency nurses to care for casualties resulting from nuclear, biological, or chemical incidents
 Availability, stability, and sterility of pralidoxime for mass casualty use
   Annals of Internal Medicine
 Biological and chemical terrorism: a guide for healthcare providers and first responders
   Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
 Evaluation of oxime k203 as antidote in tabun poisoning
   Inhalation Toxicology
 Biomarkers of low-level exposure to soman vapor: comparison of fluoride regeneration to acetylcholinesterase inhibition
   Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
 Chronic neuropathic symptoms after exposure to mustard gas: a long-term investigation
   Journal of the American Medical Association
 Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study
 Pyridostigmine used as a nerve agent pretreatment under wartime conditions
   Journal of Analytical Toxicology
 Quantitation of metabolites of the nerve agents sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, VX, and Russian VX in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
   Journal of Pediatrics
 Pediatric poisoning from trimedoxime (TMB4) and atropine automatic injectors
   Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
 Recognition of illness associated with exposure to chemical agents—United States, 2003
   Toxicology
 Suitability of human butyrylcholinesterase as therapeutic marker and pseudo catalytic scavenger in organophosphate poisoning: a kinetic analysis
   Toxicology Letters
 Interaction of pentylsarin analogues with human acetylcholinesterase: a kinetic study
Review
   Annals of Internal Medicine
 Systematic review: surveillance systems for early detection of bioterrorism-related diseases
   Clinical Chemistry
 The role of the clinical laboratory in managing chemical or biological terrorism
   European Journal of Emergency Medicine
 Resuscitative challenges in nerve agent poisoning
   Journal of the American Medical Association
 Clinical manifestations of sarin nerve gas exposure
   Journal of Analytical Toxicology
 An overview of biological markers of exposure to chemical warfare agents
   New England Journal of Medicine
 Acute chemical emergencies
   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses
   Respiratory Care Clinics of North America
 Inhalational exposure to nerve agents
   Toxicological Reviews
 The role of diazepam in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning in a civilian population

Educational Resources
Web
   Advanced HAZMAT Life Support
 AHLS Web site
   Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
 Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs) for Nerve Agents: Tabun (GA); Sarin (GB); Soman (GD); and VX
   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 NIOSH Emergency Response Card: Sarin
 Emergency Response Card: Information for First Responders - Nerve Agent: Soman
 Emergency Response Card: Information for First Responders - Nerve Agent: Tabun
 NIOSH Emergency Response Card: VX

Patient Information
 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: ToxFAQs™ for Nerve Agents (GA, GB, GD, VX)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Sarin
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Soman
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Tabun
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About VX
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about Sheltering in Place
 U.S. Department of Homeland Security: Preparing Makes Sense. Get Ready Now.
 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: ToxFAQs™ for Nerve Agents (GA, GB, GD, VX) (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing (French)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing (German)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Sarin (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Soman (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Tabun (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About VX (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts About Sheltering in Place (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing (Tagalog)
FAQs | Patient Information
Christine M. Stork, PharmD, DABAT has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Elliot Rodriguez, MD, FACEP has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Jerrold B. Leikin, MD, editorial consultant, received royalties from McGraw-Hill, Taylor and Francis; editor of Toxicoterrorism (McGraw-Hill).
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP, Acting Editor, PIER, has stock holdings in Glaxosmithkline and Abbott.


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