Anthrax Author: Sandro Cinti, MD; Barbara Robinson-Dunn, PhD; Niklas Mackler, MD
Editorial changes - 2007-10-03
Author information and module status
Prevention
Screening
Diagnosis
Consultation for Diagnosis
Hospitalization
Non-drug Therapy
Drug Therapy
Patient Education
Consultation for Management
Follow-up
Tables
Figures
References
Glossary
What's New
Patient Information
Additional Resources
Tools
Additional Resources
Clinical Information
Guideline
   Obstetrics & Gynecology
 Management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax
Article
   American Journal of Dermatopathology
 Extraordinary case report: cutaneous anthrax
   American Journal of Public Health
 The Anthrax Vaccine Program: an analysis of the CDC's recommendations for vaccine use
   Annals of Internal Medicine
 Accuracy of screening for inhalational anthrax after a bioterrorist attack
 Cost-effectiveness of defending against bioterrorism: a comparison of vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax
   Archives of Internal Medicine
 Differentiating inhalational anthrax from other influenzalike illnesses in the setting of a national or regional anthrax outbreak
 Antibiotics for anthrax: patient requests and physician prescribing practices during the 2001 New York City attacks
 Ability of physicians to diagnose and manage illness due to category A bioterrorism agents
 Responding to a small-scale bioterrorist anthrax attack: cost-effectiveness analysis comparing preattack vaccination with postattack antibiotic treatment and vaccination
   Clinical Infectious Diseases
 Serious adverse events among participants in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Anthrax Vaccine and Antimicrobial Availability Program for persons at risk for bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax
   Emerging Infectious Diseases
 First case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in the United States, Palm Beach County, Florida, 2001
 First case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, Florida, 2001: North Carolina investigation
 Opening a bacillus anthracis-containing envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.: the public health response
 Bacillus anthracis aerosolization associated with a contaminated mail sorting machine
 Epidemiologic investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax, New Jersey, 2001
 Bioterrorism-related anthrax: international response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Surveillance for anthrax cases associated with contaminated letters, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 2001
 Bioterrorism-related anthrax surveillance, Connecticut, September-December, 2001
 Environmental sampling for spores of Bacillus anthracis
 Call-tracking data and the public health response to bioterrorism-related anthrax
 Coordinated response to reports of possible anthrax contamination, Idaho, 2001
 Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States
 Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene: a rapid tool for identification of Bacillus anthracis
 Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence
 Adherence to antimicrobial inhalational anthrax prophylaxis among postal workers, Washington, D.C., 2001
 Epidemic anthrax in the eighteenth century, the Americas
 Epidemiologic response to anthrax outbreaks: field investigations, 1950-2001
   Infection and Immunity
 Genome-based bioinformatic selection of chromosomal Bacillus anthracis putative vaccine candidates coupled with proteomic identification of surface-associated antigens
   Journal of the American Medical Association
 Death due to bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. Report of 2 patients
 Clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure. Report of 2 surviving patients
 Fatal inhalational anthrax with unknown source of exposure in a 61-year-old woman in New York City
 Efficacy of selected hand hygiene agents used to remove Bacillus atrophaeus (a surrogate of Bacillus anthracis) from contaminated hands
 Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office
 One-year health assessment of adult survivors of Bacillus anthracis infection
   Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
 Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis
   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
 Mailborne transmission of anthrax: Modeling and implications
 Modeling the optimum duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in an anthrax outbreak
Review
   Annals of Internal Medicine
 Systematic review: surveillance systems for early detection of bioterrorism-related diseases
 Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005
   Archives of Internal Medicine
 Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent
   Archives of Neurology
 Neurologic complications of anthrax: a review of the literature
   Cochrane Library
 Vaccines for preventing anthrax (Cochrane Review)
   Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
 Anthrax vaccines
   Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
 Threats in bioterrorism. I: CDC category A agents
   Journal of the American Medical Association
 Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents
Commentary
   ACP Journal Club
      Infectious disease
 2001 - Recombinant human activated protein C reduced all-cause mortality in patients with severe sepsis
 2000 - Antibiotic monotherapy with possible stopping at 3 days benefited low-risk ICU patients with pulmonary infiltrates
      Pneumonia (non-nosocomial)
 2003 - Diabetes and other comorbid conditions were associated with a poor outcome in SARS
 2003 - 34% mortality rate from SARS in critically ill patients at 28 days in Toronto
 2003 - 37% mortality rate from SARS in critically ill patients at 28 days in Singapore
 2001 - A risk index with 14 variables predicted 30-day postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery
      Pneumonia, community-acquired
 2006 - Review: Trials of injectable pneumococcal vaccines do not show effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 2006 - A nurse-led clinical pathway reduced hospitalizations in nursing home residents with pneumonia
 2005 - Moderate- and high-intensity implementation of guidelines increased outpatient care of low-risk pneumonia
 2005 - A clinical decision support system reduced antimicrobial use for acute respiratory tract infections in rural settings
 2003 - Review: Pneumococcal vaccination does not prevent pneumonia or death in adults
 2003 - Diabetes and other comorbid conditions were associated with a poor outcome in SARS
 2003 - 34% mortality rate from SARS in critically ill patients at 28 days in Toronto
 2003 - 37% mortality rate from SARS in critically ill patients at 28 days in Singapore
 2000 - A critical pathway reduced resource use without compromising safety and effectiveness in community-acquired pneumonia
      Pulmonary Medicine
 2002 - Review: Oral or parenteral opioids alleviate dyspnea in palliative care
 2000 - An outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program was effective in disabling chronic lung disease
      Skin ulcers
 2007 - Addition of surgical correction to compression therapy reduced recurrences in chronic venous leg ulceration
 2006 - Review: Prophylactic interventions reduce oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy
 2004 - Review: Foam-based, constant low-pressure mattresses are better than standard hospital mattresses for reducing pressure ulcers
 2002 - Review: Debridement using hydrogel seems to be better than standard wound care for healing diabetic foot ulcer
 2001 - Low Braden scale scores predicted the development of pressure ulcers in neurologic intensive and intermediate care units
      Ulcers
 2007 - Addition of surgical correction to compression therapy reduced recurrences in chronic venous leg ulceration
Educational Resources
Educational Syllabus
   Annual Session: Updates
 Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States
   MKSAP 12
 Anthrax
Web
   ACP
 Bioterrorism Resources
Patient Information
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How to Recognize and Handle a Suspicious Package or Envelope
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: What You Need to Know
 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Anthrax
 U.S. Food and Drug Administration: What's the Difference Between Flu and Anthrax Symptoms?
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: What You Need to Know (Spanish)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: What You Need to Know (French)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: What You Need to Know (Chinese)
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: What You Need to Know (Vietnamese)
FAQs | Patient Information
Barbara Robinson-Dunn, PhD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Demetrios N. Kyriacou, MD, PhD, editorial consultant, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Niklas Mackler, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Sandro Cinti, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.

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