Heatstroke Author: Dani Moran, PhD; Moshe Rav-Acha, MD; Liran Mendel, BMedSc
Module updated - 2009-08-19
Author information and module status
Prevention
Screening
Diagnosis
Consultation for Diagnosis
Hospitalization
Non-drug Therapy
Drug Therapy
Patient Education
Consultation for Management
Follow-up
Tables
References
Glossary
What's New
Patient Information
Additional Resources
Tools
References
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2. 2Minard D. Studies and recent advances in military problems of heat acclimatization. Mil Med. 1967;132:306-15. (PMID: 4962924)
3. 2Epstein Y, Moran DS, Shapiro Y, Sohar E, Shemer J. Exertional heat stroke: a case series. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:224-8. (PMID: 10063810)
4. 3Moran DS, Gaffin SL. Clinical management of heat-related illness. In: Auerbach, ed. Wilderness Medicine. 4th ed. Mosby, USA; 2001.
5. 2de Galan BE, Hoekstra JB. Extremely elevated body temperature: case report and review of classical heat stroke. Neth J Med. 1995;47:281-7. (PMID: 8569934)
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8. 3Epstein Y. Exertional Heatstroke: Lessons we tend to forget. Am J Med Sports. 2000;2:143-52.
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12. 2Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Mohamed G, Matthies F, Shoukri M, Menne B. Prognostic factors in heat wave related deaths: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:2170-6. (PMID: 17698676)
13. 2Tucker LE, Stanford J, Graves B, Swetnam J, Hamburger S, Anwar A. Classical heatstroke: clinical and laboratory assessment. South Med J. 1985;78:20-5. (PMID: 3966167)
14. 2Heat-related deaths—Chicago, Illinois, 1996-2001, and United States, 1979-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:610-3. (PMID: 12844077)
15. 3Belmin J. [The consequences of the heat wave in August 2003 on the mortality of the elderly. The first overview.] Presse Med. 2003;32:1591-4. (PMID: 14576579)
16. 2Dematte JE, O'Mara K, Buescher J, Whitney CG, Forsythe S, McNamee T, et al. Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:173-81. (PMID: 9696724) [Full Text]
17. 2Shapiro Y, Magazanik A, Udassin R, Ben-Baruch G, Shvartz E, Shoenfeld Y. Heat intolerance in former heatstroke patients. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:913-6. (PMID: 443686)
18. 2Moran DS, Epstein Y, Shapiro Y. Biochemical profile changes during exertional heat stroke. In: Hodgdin JA, ed. Environmental Ergonomics VIII, selected papers from the 8th Int Conference on Environmental Ergonomics. 1998.
19. 2Armstrong LE, De Luca JP, Hubbard RW. Time course of recovery and heat acclimation ability of prior exertional heatstroke patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:36-48. (PMID: 2406545)
20. 2Magazanik A, Epstein Y, Udassin R, Shapiro Y, Sohar E. Tap water, an efficient method for cooling heatstroke victims—a model in dogs. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1980;51:864-6. (PMID: 7417155)
21. 1Shapiro Y, Rosenthal T, Sohar E. Experimental heatstroke. A model in dogs. Arch Intern Med. 1973;131:688-92. (PMID: 4701378)
22. 2Vicario SJ, Okabajue R, Haltom T. Rapid cooling in classic heatstroke: effect on mortality rates. Am J Emerg Med. 1986;4:394-8. (PMID: 3741557)
23. 1Whydham CH, Strydom NB, Cooke HM, et al. Methods of cooling individuals with hyperpyrexia. J Appl Physio. 1959;14:771-76.
24. 2Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Chaves-Carballo E. Cooling and hemodynamic management in heatstroke: practical recommendations. Crit Care. 2007;11:R54. (PMID: 17498312)
25. 3Khogali M. Heat Stroke: An overview. In: Khogali M, Hales JRS, eds. Heat Stroke and Temperature Regulation. Academic Press Australia; 1983.
26. 2Taylor NA, Caldwell JN, Van den Heuvel AM, Patterson MJ. To cool, but not too cool: that is the question—immersion cooling for hyperthermia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1962-9. (PMID: 18845977)
27. 1Bouchama A, Knochel JP. Heat stroke. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1978-88. (PMID: 12075060)
28. 1Bouchama A, Cafege A, Devol EB, Labdi O, el-Assil K, Seraj M. Ineffectiveness of dantrolene sodium in the treatment of heatstroke. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:176-80. (PMID: 1989755)
29. 2Bouchama A, Kwaasi A, Dehbi M, Al Mohanna F, Eldali A, El-Sayed R, et al. Glucocorticoids do not protect against the lethal effects of experimental heatstroke in baboons. Shock. 2007;27:578-583. (PMID: 17438465)
30. 2Singleton KD, Wischmeyer PE. Oral glutamine enhances heat shock protein expression and improves survival following hyperthermia. Shock. 2006;25:295-9. (PMID: 16552363)
FAQs
Dani Moran, PhD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. James Glazer, MD, editorial consultant, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Liran Mendel, BMedSc has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Moshe Rav-Acha, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
Steven E. Weinberger, MD, FACP, Acting Editor, PIER, has stock holdings in Glaxosmithkline and Abbott.

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