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West Nile Virus Disease > Prevention Author: Amy V. Bode, MD, MSPH; James J. Sejvar, MD; Anthony A. Marfin, MD, MPH
Module updated - 2011-02-15
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Rationale:

  • Evidence exists of transmission of WNV through breast milk.
  • Transplacental transmission of WNV in humans has been reported.

Evidence:

  • Although the use of DEET has not been shown to be injurious in pregnancy (15; 16), the minimal concentration that is effective for the estimated time of mosquito exposure should be used in this setting (7; 17). In addition, although DEET may be applied to skin, it may also be applied to clothing as an effective alternative.
  • A newborn with no other apparent WNV exposure whose mother had WNV meningitis developed WNV-specific IgM after nursing (18).
  • Transplacental transmission of WNV to the fetus has been reported in a pregnant woman with WNV acute flaccid paralysis (19).
  • None of 72 infants born to women infected during pregnancy had conclusive evidence of WNV congenital infection. Three infants born to women with WNV illness within 3 weeks of delivery had evidence of WNV illness (one each with rash, meningitis, and encephalitis) (20).

Comments:

  • None.
FAQs
Amy V. Bode, MD, MSPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Anthony A. Marfin, MD, MPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. James J. Sejvar, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Nicole Nemeth, DVM, PhD, editorial consultant, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
Deborah Korenstein, MD, FACP, Co-Editor, PIER, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Richard B. Lynn, MD, FACP, Co-Editor, PIER, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.

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