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Rationale:
- Evidence exists of transmission of WNV through breast milk.
- Transplacental transmission of WNV in humans has been reported.
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Evidence:
- Although the use of DEET has not been shown to be injurious in pregnancy (11; 12), the minimal concentration that is effective for the estimated time of mosquito exposure should be used in this setting
(5; 13). In addition, although DEET may be applied to skin, it may also be applied to clothing as an effective alternative.
- A newborn with no other apparent WNV exposure whose mother had WNV meningitis developed WNV-specific IgM after nursing (14).
- Transplacental transmission of WNV to the fetus has been reported in a pregnant woman with WNV acute flaccid paralysis (15).
- None of 72 infants born to women infected during pregnancy had conclusive evidence of WNV congenital infection. Three infants
born to women with WNV illness within 3 weeks of delivery had evidence of WNV illness (one each with rash, meningitis, and
encephalitis) (16).
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Comments:
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Amy V. Bode, MD, MSPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
Anthony A. Marfin, MD, MPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
Carrie Nielsen, PhD, editorial consultant, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
James J. Sejvar, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations.
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The information included herein should never be used as a substitute
for clinical judgment and does not represent an official position of
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or PDFs may rapidly become obsolete. Therefore, PIER users should
compare the date of the last update on the website with any printout
to ensure that the information being referred to is the most current
available.
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PIER is copyrighted (c) 2008 by the American College of Physicians,
190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1572, USA.
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West Nile Virus Disease
> Prevention
