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- Decrease exposure to WNV by recommending measures to decrease bites from potential mosquito vectors.
- Promote donor screening and donor deferral to prevent WNV transmission through blood transfusion or organ transplantation from living donors.
- Promote prevention of maternal-fetal virus transmission through breast-feeding.
- Promote prevention of lab-acquired WNV illness.
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Decrease exposure to WNV by recommending measures to decrease bites from potential mosquito vectors.  |
- Promote:
- Wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants for outdoor activities during late spring, summer, and early fall in temperate climates and year round in subtropical and tropical areas or in places where significant mosquito exposure may occur
- Removal of standing water near buildings and repair of window screens
- Application of 10% to 50% DEET, picardin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin and use of permethrin on clothing
- Spending less time outdoors after dusk or before dawn when mosquitoes are biting
- Supporting local governmental mosquito control efforts using integrated mosquito control programs, including surveillance and larvicide and adulticide application
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Promote donor screening and donor deferral to prevent WNV transmission through blood transfusion or organ transplantation from living donors.  |
- Promote universal screening of asymptomatic West Nile viremic blood donors using molecular amplification assays.
- Defer donations from persons with headache and fever in the week prior to donation.
- Identify and report persons who have had a blood transfusion in the month before onset of WNV meningitis and/or encephalitis to allow blood banks to identify and quarantine any outstanding, unused, potentially infectious blood components.
- Defer organ or marrow donation from persons with signs and symptoms consistent with West Nile viral illness.
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Promote prevention of maternal-fetal virus transmission through breast-feeding.  |
- Promote primary prevention in pregnant women and new mothers.
- Perform appropriate testing among pregnant women and new mothers with symptoms consistent with WNV illness (see section on Diagnosis).
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Promote prevention of lab-acquired WNV illness. |
- Advise lab workers involved in necropsies or other procedures involving materials potentially infected with WNV to take precautions against WNV transmission, including standard droplet and contact precautions, using and disposing of sharp instruments safely, and minimizing generation of aerosols.
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| Amy V. Bode, MD, MSPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Anthony A. Marfin, MD, MPH has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. Carrie Nielsen, PhD, editorial consultant, has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. James J. Sejvar, MD has no financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies, biomedical device manufacturers, or health-care related organizations. |
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The information included herein should never be used as a substitute
for clinical judgment and does not represent an official position of
ACP. Because all PIER modules are updated regularly, printed web pages
or PDFs may rapidly become obsolete. Therefore, PIER users should
compare the date of the last update on the website with any printout
to ensure that the information being referred to is the most current
available.
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PIER is copyrighted (c) 2008 by the American College of Physicians,
190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1572, USA.
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West Nile Virus Disease
